A number system helps us count things, do calculations, and solve math problems using numbers like
1, 2, 3, 4, 5 … etc.
Type of Number
1. Natural Numbers
Numbers used for counting.
Ex. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, …
2. Whole Numbers
Natural numbers plus zero.
Ex. 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, …
3. Integers
Whole numbers with negative numbers.
Ex. … −3, −2, −1, 0, 1, 2, 3 …
4. Even Numbers
Numbers divisible by 2.
Ex. 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 …
5. Odd Numbers
Numbers not divisible by 2.
Ex. 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 …
6. Prime Numbers
Numbers having only two factors (1 and itself).
Ex. 2, 3, 5, 7, 11 …
7. Composite Numbers
Numbers having more than two factors.
Ex. 4, 6, 8, 9, 10 …
8. Co-prime Numbers
Two numbers whose HCF is 1.
Ex. (3, 4), (8, 15)
9. Rational Numbers
Numbers that can be written as a fraction p/q, where q ≠ 0.
Ex. ½, ¾, −2, 0.5
10. Irrational Numbers
Numbers that cannot be written as a fraction.
Ex. √2, √3, π
11. Real Numbers
All rational and irrational numbers together.
Ex. −5, 0, 2.5, √7
12. Positive Numbers
Numbers greater than 0.
Ex. 1, 2, 3
13. Negative Numbers
Numbers less than 0.
Ex. −1, −2, −3
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